要在沙箱的环境装一个hadoop的集群,用来建索引所需,装hadoop已经没啥难的了,后面,会把重要的配置信息,贴出来,本次装的hadoop版本是hadoop1.2的版本,如果不知道怎么装的,可以参考,安装的具体步骤,散仙在这里不在重述,重点在于hadoop-nd,hadoop-dd,tmp目录的配置,下面是配置文件的示例:
core-site.xml的配置:- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>fs.default.name</name>
- <value>hdfs://h1:8020</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>io.compression.codecs</name>
- <value>org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress
- .SnappyCodec</value>
- <final>true</final>
- </property>
- </configuration>
- ~
hdfs-site.xml的配置:~ fs.default.name hdfs://h1:8020 io.compression.codecs org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.DefaultCodec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.BZip2Codec,org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec true
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>fs.default.name</name>
- <value>hdfs://h1:8020</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.block.size</name>
- <value>134217728</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.namenode.handler.count</name>
- <value>10</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.replication</name>
- <value>1</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
- <value>/home/search/hadoop-nd</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
- <value>/home/search/hadoop-dd</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.tmp.dir</name>
- <value>/home/search/tmp</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.web.ugi</name>
- <value>search,search</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.balance.bandwidthPerSec</name>
- <value>10485760</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.support.append</name>
- <value>true</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>dfs.permissions</name>
- <value>false</value>
- </property>
- </configuration>
mapred-site.xml的配置:fs.default.name hdfs://h1:8020 dfs.block.size 134217728 dfs.namenode.handler.count 10 dfs.replication 1 dfs.name.dir /home/search/hadoop-nd dfs.data.dir /home/search/hadoop-dd dfs.tmp.dir /home/search/tmp dfs.web.ugi search,search dfs.balance.bandwidthPerSec 10485760 dfs.support.append true dfs.permissions false
- <configuration>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
- <value>h1:8021</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.tasktracker.map.tasks.maximum</name>
- <value>2</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.tasktracker.reduce.tasks.maximum</name>
- <value>2</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.map.child.java.opts</name>
- <value>-Xmx512M</value>
- </property>
- <property>
- <name>mapred.reduce.child.java.opts</name>
- <value>-Xmx512M</value>
- </property>
- </configuration>
- ~
hadoop-env.sh,看情况配置,第一次安装需要配置JDK的路径 下面说重点问题: 集群,安装完毕后, (1)先使用jps命令,查看所有的hadoop进程是否,启动正常,如果没有全部启动,需要查看,对应的log信息。 (2)如果进程都正常,可以访问对应的端口信息,在Web上查看集群页面信息 (3)如果页面上也正常,这时候,我们需要跑一个基准测试来真正的校验下,集群的计算情况,基准测试主要测试两个方面,一个是生成文件,测的是Map的运行情况,一个是排序输出,测的是Reduce的运行情况,针对hadoop1.2.x的版本我们可以使用如下的命令进行基准测试,注意需要进入到hadoop的根目录: 生成数据文件 1,hadoop jar hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar teragen 10000000 input 排序输出 2, hadoop jar hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar terasort input output 如果是hadoop2.x,需要使用如下方式跑基准: (1)./bin/hadoop jar ./share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar randomwriter rand (2)./bin/hadoop jar ./share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar sort rand sort-rand 第一个命令会在rand 目录的生成没有排序的数据。第二个命令会读数据,排序,然后写入rand-sort 目录 基准测试,正是验证hadoop集群是否工作正常的一个非常重要的手段,散仙,运行之后,发现生成文件时,没有问题,而使用排序的基准时,发现reduce卡死现象,map100%之后,reduce一直不动,内存,Cpu等资源是充足的,然后看查看log,发现读取的映射地址有问题,在web页面上查看reduce的执行情况,发现解析地址错误: 注意上图做下面的地址,正常的情况,这个链接应该是本机IP的某个地址下的,但现在解析成这样,肯定获取不到数据,在reduce阶段,要拉取所有节点上的数据,进行排序,如果拉取中,出现网络异常,那么程序一直阻塞,重试,导致reduce阶段,失败,或出现运行缓慢的情况下,找到大致原因后,回到linux上,查看主机名,/etc/hosts的配置 ,并使用ping命令,ping自己的主机名,或者在hosts文件里,相对应的主机名,并查看DNS的解析名,是否正常,确定无误后,把hosts文件,同步到集群上的其他机器上,确保一致,然后关掉集群,重启格式化,重启,再跑次,基准测试,运行正常:~ mapred.job.tracker h1:8021 mapred.tasktracker.map.tasks.maximum 2 mapred.tasktracker.reduce.tasks.maximum 2 mapred.map.child.java.opts -Xmx512M mapred.reduce.child.java.opts -Xmx512M
- [search@apsaras-server5 ~/hadoop]$ hadoop jar hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar terasort input output
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO terasort.TeraSort: starting
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 2
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library is available
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library loaded
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO zlib.ZlibFactory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-zlib library
- 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO compress.CodecPool: Got brand-new compressor
- Making 1 from 100000 records
- Step size is 100000.0
- 14/10/28 15:23:30 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 2
- 14/10/28 15:23:30 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201410281520_0002
- 14/10/28 15:23:31 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0%
- 14/10/28 15:23:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 25% reduce 0%
- 14/10/28 15:23:42 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 75% reduce 0%
- 14/10/28 15:23:51 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 0%
- 14/10/28 15:23:55 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 16%
- 14/10/28 15:23:58 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 66%
- 14/10/28 15:24:01 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 72%
- 14/10/28 15:24:04 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 75%
- 14/10/28 15:24:07 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 79%
- 14/10/28 15:24:11 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 82%
- 14/10/28 15:24:14 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 86%
- 14/10/28 15:24:17 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 89%
- 14/10/28 15:24:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 92%
- 14/10/28 15:24:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 96%
- 14/10/28 15:24:26 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 99%
- 14/10/28 15:24:27 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 100%
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201410281520_0002
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 31
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job Counters
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched reduce tasks=1
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=74679
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=0
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Rack-local map tasks=3
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched map tasks=8
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Data-local map tasks=5
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=45667
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Input Format Counters
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Read=1000024576
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Output Format Counters
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Written=1000000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: FileSystemCounters
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_READ=2040001344
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_READ=1000025344
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=3060519016
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=1000000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map-Reduce Framework
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output materialized bytes=1020000048
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input records=10000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce shuffle bytes=1020000048
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Spilled Records=30000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output bytes=1000000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total committed heap usage (bytes)=1232338944
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: CPU time spent (ms)=79710
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input bytes=1000000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=768
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine input records=0
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input records=10000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input groups=10000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine output records=0
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=1721982976
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce output records=10000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=10064424960
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output records=10000000
- 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO terasort.TeraSort: done
[search@apsaras-server5 ~/hadoop]$ hadoop jar hadoop-examples-1.2.1.jar terasort input output 14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO terasort.TeraSort: starting14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 214/10/28 15:23:29 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library is available14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO util.NativeCodeLoader: Loaded the native-hadoop library14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library loaded14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO zlib.ZlibFactory: Successfully loaded & initialized native-zlib library14/10/28 15:23:29 INFO compress.CodecPool: Got brand-new compressorMaking 1 from 100000 recordsStep size is 100000.014/10/28 15:23:30 INFO mapred.FileInputFormat: Total input paths to process : 214/10/28 15:23:30 INFO mapred.JobClient: Running job: job_201410281520_000214/10/28 15:23:31 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 0% reduce 0%14/10/28 15:23:41 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 25% reduce 0%14/10/28 15:23:42 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 75% reduce 0%14/10/28 15:23:51 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 0%14/10/28 15:23:55 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 16%14/10/28 15:23:58 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 66%14/10/28 15:24:01 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 72%14/10/28 15:24:04 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 75%14/10/28 15:24:07 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 79%14/10/28 15:24:11 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 82%14/10/28 15:24:14 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 86%14/10/28 15:24:17 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 89%14/10/28 15:24:20 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 92%14/10/28 15:24:23 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 96%14/10/28 15:24:26 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 99%14/10/28 15:24:27 INFO mapred.JobClient: map 100% reduce 100%14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job complete: job_201410281520_000214/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Counters: 3114/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Job Counters 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched reduce tasks=114/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_MAPS=7467914/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all reduces waiting after reserving slots (ms)=014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total time spent by all maps waiting after reserving slots (ms)=014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Rack-local map tasks=314/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Launched map tasks=814/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Data-local map tasks=514/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: SLOTS_MILLIS_REDUCES=4566714/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Input Format Counters 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Read=100002457614/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: File Output Format Counters 14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Bytes Written=100000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: FileSystemCounters14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_READ=204000134414/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_READ=100002534414/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: FILE_BYTES_WRITTEN=306051901614/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: HDFS_BYTES_WRITTEN=100000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map-Reduce Framework14/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output materialized bytes=102000004814/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input records=1000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce shuffle bytes=102000004814/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Spilled Records=3000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output bytes=100000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Total committed heap usage (bytes)=123233894414/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: CPU time spent (ms)=7971014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map input bytes=100000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: SPLIT_RAW_BYTES=76814/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine input records=014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input records=1000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce input groups=1000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Combine output records=014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Physical memory (bytes) snapshot=172198297614/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Reduce output records=1000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Virtual memory (bytes) snapshot=1006442496014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO mapred.JobClient: Map output records=1000000014/10/28 15:24:29 INFO terasort.TeraSort: donehadoop的任务启动后,可使用hadoop job -list命令,来查看当前正在执行的MR任务,如果想要强制,停掉正在执行的MR任务,可以使用hadoop job -kill 任务名 即可 总结: 关于散仙这个异常的原因,就是因为hosts文件的配置的映射名,太多了,并且本机的host名没有配置,和其他的机器上的hosts文件也不大一致,导致了上述问题的发生,出现问题时,我们就从日志下手,找到相关的蛛丝马迹然后一点点解决, 如果关闭hadoop集群,关不掉,可以试试如下的命令,强制kill:
- jps | grep NameNode | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill $1
- jps | grep SecondaryNameNode | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill $1
- jps | grep ResourceManager | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill $1
- jps | grep DataNode | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill $1
- jps | grep NodeManager | awk '{print $1}' | xargs kill $1